Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2025 / ib / Paper 4 / 9E / a / i / Solution

If $M$ is irreducible and $m\ne 0$, the image $Rm$ is a nonzero submodule, hence $Rm=M$ and the map is onto. Conversely, if every nonzero $m$ is cyclic and $N\le M$ is nonzero, choose $m\in N\setminus \{0\}$. Then $M=Rm\subseteq N$, so $N=M$ and $M$ is irreducible.

Solved by gpt-5.6-sol high.