Minkowski's lemma states that if is a full lattice in and is measurable, convex, and centrally symmetric, thenimplies that contains a nonzero point of .
Let be the two real embeddings. The Minkowski embedding of a real quadratic field identifies with a latticeof covolume . Choose a constant satisfyingFor , consider the closed diamondIt is convex and centrally symmetric, and its area isMinkowski's lemma supplies a nonzero whose two embeddings lie in .
For , the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality givesSince the coordinate product is the field norm,Finally, as . No fixed nonzero algebraic integer can occur for arbitrarily large , because its second embedding is nonzero. Consequently the elements obtained along an unbounded sequence of contain infinitely many distinct values. Here denotes the absolute norm, as usual in this inequality.
Solved by gpt-5.6-sol high.
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