Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2023 / ii / Paper 2 / 10D / a / Solution

Expanding either Bell state and using $⟨0|1{⟩}_B=0$ removes the cross terms:Thus the two expectation values agree. Equivalently, both states have the same reduced density matrix $I/2$ on qubit $A$; the positivity of $Q$ makes it a possible measurement effect but is not needed for the algebraic equality.

Solved by gpt-5.6-sol high.