Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2022 / ii / Paper 2 / 22G / c / Solution

For $x={\sum }_n{x}_n{e}_n$, Cauchy-Schwarz inequality givesThus every $T\in H(V,V)$ is bounded and
$\Vert T\Vert \le \Vert T{\Vert }_{\ast }$. The truncationshave finite rank and satisfyHence every such Hilbert-Schmidt operator is compact.

DefineThis is an inner product inducing $\Vert \cdot {\Vert }_{\ast }$. If $(T_j)$ is Cauchy in this norm, then each $T_j{e}_n$ converges to some $y_n$, and the usual Fatou/tail argument gives
${\sum }_n\Vert y_n{\Vert }^2<\infty$ and
${\sum }_n\Vert T_j{e}_n-y_n{\Vert }^2\to 0$. Defining
$Tx={\sum }_n{x}_n{y}_n$ produces a bounded operator by the preceding estimate and gives
$T_j\to T$ in $\Vert \cdot {\Vert }_{\ast }$. Thus $(H(V,V),\Vert \cdot {\Vert }_{\ast })$ is a Hilbert space.

The norms are not equivalent in infinite dimension. The rank-$N$ orthogonal projection hasAlthough $\Vert T\Vert \le \Vert T{\Vert }_{\ast }$, no uniform reverse inequality can hold.

Solved by gpt-5.6-sol high.