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For odd , the nonzero squares form an index-two subgroup of . Given nonzero , either or is a square, or both occupy the nontrivial coset and is a square. Taking and shows that one of is a square, apart from the immediate zero case .

Ancestors (6)

  1. Multiplicative group of a finite field is cyclic
  2. Finite field
  3. Algebra
  4. Area of mathematics
  5. Mathematics
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